Relationship between skeletal muscle mass index and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the relationship between skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and metabolic phenotypes of obesity in adolescents, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity and related metabolic diseases.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 352 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling in Yinchuan City from October 2017 to September 2020, and they were surveyed using questionnaires, physical measurements, body composition measurements, and laboratory tests. According to the diagnostic criteria for metabolic abnormalities and the definition of obesity based on the body mass index, the subjects were divided into four metabolic phenotypes: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy obesity. The association between SMI and the metabolic phenotypes was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#The SMI level in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity groups was lower than that in the metabolically healthy normal weight group (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender and age, a higher SMI level was a protective factors for adolescents to develop metabolic unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotypes (OR=0.74, 0.60, and 0.54, respectively; P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increasing SMI can reduce the risk of the development of metabolic unhealthy/obesity.

Lignans from stems and leaves of Cephalotaxus fortunei (Ⅱ) / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to explore the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Cephalotaxus fortunei. Seven lignans were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of C. fortunei by various chromatographic methods, including silica gel, ODS column chromatography, and HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated according to physicochemical properties and spectral data. Compound 1 is a new lignan named cephalignan A. The known compounds were identified as 8-hydroxy-conidendrine(2), isolariciresinol(3), leptolepisol D(4), diarctigenin(5), dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6), and dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7). Compounds 2 and 5 were isolated from the Cephalotaxus plant for the first time.

Effect of circular RNA hsa_circZDHHC21_004 on the proliferation of the human small intestinal epithelial cells HIEC-6 exposed to 60Co γ-rays / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To study the influence of circular RNA hsa_circZDHHC21_004 on the proliferation of human small intestinal epithelial cells HIEC-6 after 60Co γ-rays exposure. Methods:HIEC-6 cells were exposed to 60Co γ-rays at 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. The expression level of hsa_circZDHHC21_004 in the irradiated HIEC-6 cell was detected. Hsa_circZDHHC21_004 was knocked-down to investigate the influences of hsa_circZDHHC21_004 on the proliferation of irradiated HIEC-6 cells by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Results:The expression level of hsa_circZDHHC21_004 in HIEC-6 cells was upregulated by (1.00±0.24), (1.34±0.28), (1.85±0.31), and (2.80±0.64) times of control after 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy irradiation, respectively and there were significant difference between 10 or 15 Gy group and 0 Gy group ( F=10.86, P=0.008). Knockdown of hsa_circZDHHC21_004 significantly increased the proliferation rate of HIEC-6 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h after 10 Gy irradiation compared with non-irradiated control ( t=-6.25, -5.83, -7.75, P < 0.001). Under 2 and 5 Gy irradiation, the clone formation rates of the hsa_circZDHHC21_004 knockdown cells were significantly higher than those of the control ( t=-7.45, -8.83, P<0.01). Conclusions:Hsa_circZDHHC21_004 is increased after irradiation and influenced the proliferation of irradiated HIEC-6 cells.

Research progress on the role and mechanism of premature cellular senescence on wound healing in radiation-induced skin injury / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Radiation skin injury can be induced by medical exposure, occupational exposure, and emergency exposure. Many relevant studies focused on the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin injury, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully clarified. It has been demonstrated that radiation-induced premature cellular senescence is involved in radiation skin injury. To discuss the relationship between radiation-induced premature cellular senescence and radiation-induced skin injury, this paper reviewed the mechanism of radiation-induced skin injury, the promotion of premature cellular senescence and related signal pathways, and the role of premature cellular senescence in wound healing.

Progress on the mechanism of radiation-induced skin injury / 中国辐射卫生

Skin is the first organ of contact with ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced skin injury is common because the basal cell layer and capillaries of the skin are very sensitive to radiation. Acute radiation-induced skin injury primarily involves cellular alterations and inflammation in the epidermis and dermis, and late skin injury is mainly related to the effect of radiation on blood vessels. Clinical manifestations of radiation-induced skin injury include erythema, dry desquamation, moist desquamation, and ulceration in the skin mucosa, and the severity is related to the type and dose of radiation. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury are largely unknown, and the gold standard for the treatment of radiation injury has not been established. The known mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury can be roughly divided into three pathways: oxidative stress injury caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species, inflammation triggered by transcriptional activation of cytokines, and immune response evoked by bone marrow-derived cells. This paper reviews the three major pathways of mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury, giving a reference for further mechanism study and preventive treatment of radiation-induced skin injury.

Screening of radiation sensitive lipids in rat plasma at early stage after total body irradiation with 60Co γ-rays / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of lipid metabolism in rat plasma after total body irradiation(TBI) in order to provide scientific evidence of radiation biomarkers.Methods:For the non-targeted lipidomics study, 50 SD rats were divided into 6 groups and irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 or 8 Gy 60Co γ-rays, respectively. For the targeted lipidomics study, 25 rats were divided into 5 groups and irradiated with 0, 0.5, 2.5, 4 or 6 Gy. Venous blood samples were collected and plasma were separated 4 h after TBI. Radiation-sensitive lipids were screened and their concentrations were determined. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and dose-response were analyzed. Results:A total of 15 radiation differential lipids were screened out based on non-targeted lipidomics study and 7 of them were identified as radiosensitive lipids by targeted lipidomics analysis. The ROC of radiosensitive lipids distinguished area under curve (AUC) of samples in 0 Gy group and > 0 Gy group, < 2 Gy group and ≥ 2 Gy group were all > 0.75. The AUC values were increased to 0.96 and 0.94 after the panel of radiation sensitive lipids ROC analysis. The concentrations of LysoPC(18: 2), LysoPC(22: 0), PC(18: 0/18: 2), PE(18: 2/16: 0) and PE(18: 2/18: 0) decreased with irradiation dose within 0-6 Gy.Conclusions:A total of 7 plasma radiosensitive lipids in rat plasma were identified 4 h after TBI, and the panel of them could be used for specific dose classification. Five of the lipids had good dose-response relationship.

Mechanism of the influence of CPT1 on the proliferation of rat intestinal epithelial cells IEC-6 after 60Co γ-ray irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes of CPT1A and CPT1B protein expression in rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) after 60Co γ-ray irradiation, and the mechanism of the influence of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) on the proliferation of irradiated IEC-6 cells. Methods:IEC-6 cells were cultured in serum-normal medium or in serum-starved medium overnight, and pretreated with 20 μmol/L palmitic acid (PA) before irradiation with 0, 5, 10, and 15 Gy. At 24 h after irradiation, the cellular protein was collected for the measurement of CPT1A and CPT1B proteins by Western blot. The influences of ETO, an inhibitor of CPT1, on the survival and proliferation of irradiated IEC-6 cells were analyzed by colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay. The protein expressions and phosphorylation levels of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in 5 Gy irradiated IEC-6 cells pre-treated with ETO were analyzed by Western blot at 48 h after radiation.Results:When IEC-6 cells were cultured in serum-normal medium together with PA, the protein level of CPT1A was significantly increased after 15 Gy irradiation ( t=-2.82, P<0.05). When IEC-6 cells were cultured in serum-starved medium, the protein level of CPT1A was significantly increased at 5, 10, and 15 Gy ( t=-3.28, -8.72, -8.67, P<0.05). When IEC-6 cells were cultured in serum-starved medium together with PA, the protein levels of CPT1A were significantly increased at 5, 10 and 15 Gy ( t=-10.69, -7.02, -8.23, P<0.05), the protein levels of CPT1B were significantly increased at 10 and 15 Gy ( t=-3.73, -5.05, P<0.05). After irradiation, the survival and proliferation of IEC-6 cells in ETO group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=5.46, 13.22, P<0.05), and the protein level of ERK1/2 and p-JNK in ETO group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=4.01, 3.29, 10.68, 14.44, P<0.05). Conclusions:CPT1 promoted radiation-induced IEC-6 injury cells survival and proliferation by enhancing the expression level of ERK1/2 protein and the activity of JNK.

Quantitative proteomics revealed extensive microenvironmental changes after stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke / 医学前沿

The local microenvironment is essential to stem cell-based therapy for ischemic stroke, and spatiotemporal changes of the microenvironment in the pathological process provide vital clues for understanding the therapeutic mechanisms. However, relevant studies on microenvironmental changes were mainly confined in the acute phase of stroke, and long-term changes remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the microenvironmental changes in the subacute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke after stem cell transplantation. Herein, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) were transplanted into the ischemic brain established by middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. Positron emission tomography imaging and neurological tests were applied to evaluate the metabolic and neurofunctional alterations of rats transplanted with stem cells. Quantitative proteomics was employed to investigate the protein expression profiles in iPSCs-transplanted brain in the subacute and chronic phases of stroke. Compared with NSCs-transplanted rats, significantly increased glucose metabolism and neurofunctional scores were observed in iPSCs-transplanted rats. Subsequent proteomic data of iPSCs-transplanted rats identified a total of 39 differentially expressed proteins in the subacute and chronic phases, which are involved in various ischemic stroke-related biological processes, including neuronal survival, axonal remodeling, antioxidative stress, and mitochondrial function restoration. Taken together, our study indicated that iPSCs have a positive therapeutic effect in ischemic stroke and emphasized the wide-ranging microenvironmental changes in the subacute and chronic phases.

In silico genome wide identification and expression analysis of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene family in Medicago sativa

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important food and feed crop which rich in mineral sources. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family plays important roles in plant development and identification of putative gene families, their structure, and potential functions is a primary step for not only understanding the genetic mechanisms behind various biological process but also for genetic improvement. A variety of computational tools, including MAFFT, HMMER, hidden Markov models, Pfam, SMART, MEGA, ProtTest, BLASTn, and BRAD, among others, were used. We identified 34 MsWOX genes based on a systematic analysis of the alfalfa plant genome spread in eight chromosomes. This is an expansion of the gene family which we attribute to observed chromosomal duplications. Sequence alignment analysis revealed 61 conserved proteins containing a homeodomain. Phylogenetic study sung reveal five evolutionary clades with 15 motif distributions. Gene structure analysis reveals various exon, intron, and untranslated structures which are consistent in genes from similar clades. Functional analysis prediction of promoter regions reveals various transcription binding sites containing key growth, development, and stress-responsive transcription factor families such as MYB, ERF, AP2, and NAC which are spread across the genes. Most of the genes are predicted to be in the nucleus. Also, there are duplication events in some genes which explain the expansion of the family. The present research provides a clue on the potential roles of MsWOX family genes that will be useful for further understanding their functional roles in alfalfa plants.

Structural, Functional, and Molecular Imaging of Autism Spectrum Disorder / 神经科学通报·英文版

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks. Neuroimaging approaches have been widely employed to parse the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ASD, and provide critical insights into the anatomical, functional, and neurochemical changes. We reviewed recent advances in neuroimaging studies that focused on ASD by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), or single-positron emission tomography (SPECT). Longitudinal structural MRI has delineated an abnormal developmental trajectory of ASD that is associated with cascading neurobiological processes, and functional MRI has pointed to disrupted functional neural networks. Meanwhile, PET and SPECT imaging have revealed that metabolic and neurotransmitter abnormalities may contribute to shaping the aberrant neural circuits of ASD. Future large-scale, multi-center, multimodal investigations are essential to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of ASD, and facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and better-targeted therapy.

The radionuclide imaging and therapy for metastatic prostate cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Metastatic prostate cancer is one of the most malignancies and do harm to the health and life expectancy of men. The popularization and application of 68Gallium or 18Fluorine labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) benefit for the excellent diagnostic efficacy, unique value in the diagnosis of metastatic prostate cancer, clinical decision-making guidance, efficacy in monitoring and prognosis evaluation. 223Radium and 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT) could effectively alleviate bone pain, and prolong the overall survival time (OS) as wellas progression-free survival time (PFS) with good safety. In addition, survival of patients with metastatic prostate cancer is expected to be further improved with the advance in the combination therapies with PSMA RLT, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

Melatonin inhibits UVB-induced melanin synthesis by regulating p53-mediated premature senescence in HaCaT cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism and regulatory effects of melatonin on UVB-induced melanin synthesis in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT), so as to provide a theoretical basis for the skin protection of melatonin.Methods:HaCaT cells were pretreated with 10 -5 mol/L melatonin and then irradiated with 80 mJ/cm 2UVB. The melanin content was detected by NaOH assay, the proportion of premature senescence cells was detected by β-galactosidase staining kit, and the protein expression levels of both p53 and tyrosinase (TYR) were detected by Western blot at 72 h after UVB exposure. After 12 h pretreatment of ATM/ATR inhibitor, p53 inhibitor and melatonin, the proportion of premature senescence and the change of melanin content in HaCaT cells were detected at 72 h after 80 mJ/cm 2 UVB irradiation. Results:Melatonin inhibited UVB-induced increases of melanin content ( t=56.65, 13.39, P<0.05) and TYR expression ( t=16.46, P<0.05) in HaCaT cells. Melatonin alleviated UVB-induced premature senescence ( t=7.139, P<0.05) and inhibited UVB-induced increase of p53 expression ( t=19.08, P<0.05) in HaCaT cells. In addition, ATM/ATR inhibitor, p53 inhibitor and melatonin all inhibited UVB-induced increase of melanin content in HaCaT cells. Conclusions:Melatonin inhibits TYR-mediated melanin synthesis by regulating p53-related premature senescence in HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation.

Dose-rate effect on radiation-induced gene expressions in human peripheral blood / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of dose-rate on radiation-induced gene expression in human peripheral blood.Methods:Human peripheral blood ex vivo was irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 Gy of 60Co γ-rays with different dose-rates of 0.2, 1 and 2 Gy/min. Human blood cells were harvested at 24 h post-irradiation. Following RNA isolation, the mRNA expression levels ofCDKN1A, MDM2, PCNA, FDXR, GADD45A, PHPT1, ASTN2, TNFSF4, POLH, GDF-15 and PPM1D were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The stepwise regression method was used to establish the gene combination models. Results:The relative mRNA expression levels of 11 genes significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner within the dose range of 0-6 Gy with three dose-rates of irradiation ( R2=0.744-0.998, P< 0.05). Following the exposure to 2 Gy(0.2 Gy/min) 60Co γ-rays, the expression levels of CDKN1A, FDXR, PHPT1 and TNFSF4 genes were significantly higher than that of the 1 and 2 Gy/min groups ( t=3.73, 5.73, 2.44, 2.77, 3.53, 2.68, 2.43, 2.05, P< 0.05). With 6 Gy irradiation, the changes of radiation-induced PPM1D expression level under a dose rate of 2 Gy/min were significantly higher than other two dose-rates( t=3.82, 2.54, P< 0.05). The combined expression model at different dose rates was composed of 2-3 genes, and the R2values of regression equations were 0.976, 0.964 and 0.951, respectively. Conclusions:In a certain range, the dose-rate may affect the changes of radiation-induced gene expression in human peripheral blood.

Changes of connexin 43 in irradiated human vascular endothelial cells and its influence on cell stiffness / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes of connexin 43 (Cx43) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after X-ray irradiation and its influence on the stiffness of irradiated cells.Methods:Western blot was used to detect the expression of Cx43 in HUVEC cells at different time points (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h) after different doses of X-ray irradiation (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 Gy), and the phosphorylation levels of three phosphorylation sites (Ser279/282, Ser368 and Tyr265) of Cx43 at different time points (3, 6, 24 and 48 h) after 0, 5 and 10 Gy irradiation. The distribution of Cx43 protein in the irradiated HUVEC cells was detected by immunofluorescence. The stiffness changes of cells were detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the depths of 50, 100 and 200 nm.Results:The expression of Cx43 in HUVEC cells was reduced at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after 10 Gy X-ray irradiation( t=3.262, 3.708, 3.686, 6.825, P<0.05)and this decrease had a dose dependent manner at 24 h after 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 Gy irradiation ( t=3.034, 10.720, 13.130, 13.650, P<0.05). At 24 h after 5, 10 and 20 Gy X-ray irradiation, the distribution of Cx43 in HUVEC cells was transported from intercellular gap junctions to nucleus and perinuclear region. At 24-48 h after irradiation, the phosphorylation level of Ser368 at Cx43 increased and in a dose dependent manner. At 24 h after irradiation, the stiffness of the irradiated cells decreased significantly under the conditions of 100 and 200 nm ( t=3.362, 5.122, P<0.05), and recovered with overexpression of Cx43 ( t=2.674, 4.398, P<0.05). Conclusions:X-ray irradiation leads to the phosphorylation of Ser368 at Cx43, which promotes the degradation and nucleus/perinuclear translocation of Cx43 and reduces the stiffness of HUVEC. Increasing the expression level of Cx43 is helpful to the stiffness recovery of irradiated vascular endothelial cells, suggesting that Cx43 may be a potential target for regulating radiation injury of vascular endothelial cells.

Analysis of the metabolic characteristics in rat plasma after total body irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the metabolite changes in rat plasma after total body irradiation (TBI) and to explore dose classification based on radiation sensitive metabolites.Methods:The differential metabolites induced by radiation were screened and verified by metabolomics. In the discovery stage, 50 SD rats were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 Gy of 60Co γ-rays. In the verification stage, 25 rats were irradiated with 0, 0.5, 2.5, 4 and 6 Gy. Peripheral blood samples were collected 4 h after irradiation, and plasma was separated. Radiation-induced differential metabolites were identified and their concentrations were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the differential metabolites was used to classify dose range. Results:In the discovery stage, 8 radiation-induced differential metabolites in rat plasma were identified and four of them (cytosine, L-hexylcarnitine, Linoelaidylcarnitine and L-palmitylcarnitine) were upregulated, which was confirmed in the verification stage. The area under the curve (AUC) for the specific dose was >0.75. After combining these four metabolites, the AUC value to classify the radiation dose of 0 Gy versus >0 Gy, <2 Gy versus ≥2 Gy, <5 Gy versus ≥5 Gy were 0.96, 1 and 0.94, respectively.Conclusions:The metabolites in rat plasma changed significantly at 4 h after TBI, where 8 differential metabolites were identified. Cytosine, L-hexylcarnitine, linoelaidylcarnitine and L-palmiylcarnitine were stably over-expressed in the plasma after irradiation. The combination of these four compounds had high classification accuracy and thus may applicable as radiation sensitive biomarkers for dose classification.

Transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of aconitines in Aconitum pendulum / 药学学报

italic>Aconitum pendulum is a Tibetan medicine that is rich in bioactive compounds such as aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. To investigate the key enzymes in the aconitine biosynthesis pathway, roots, leaves and flowers of Aconitum pendulum were subjected to a high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing analysis by Illumina HiSeqTM2000. Trinity de novo assembly yielded 47 264 unigenes with an average length of 1 140 bp and N50 of 1 678 bp, of which 30 231 unigenes (63.96%) were annotated. In the KEGG database, 542 unigenes were implicated in 17 secondary metabolic pathways; the analysis showed that 44 genes encoded 20 key enzymes in the diterpene skeleton of aconitine biosynthesis and 12 BAHD acyltransferase genes were related to the acetylation modification, with differential expression among three organs. For example, ApTPS8 was the only committed enzyme in the upstream aconitine biosynthetic pathway. The high expression level of ApTPS8 in root indicated that it is the main tissue for the production of precursors of diterpene alkaloids. Consistent with the accumulation of aconitine, we propose that ApBAHD1/2/8 is involved in the biosynthesis of 2-hydroxyaconitine, dehydrated 14-benzoylaconitine, 8-O-methyl-14-benzoylaconine, benzoyldeoxyaconitine and benzoylaconitine, and ApBAHD10 is involved in the biosynthesis of acontine, lucidusculine, 14-O-acetylneoline and 14-O-acetylvirescenin. Comparative transcriptome analysis of A. pendulum and A. carmichaeli indicates significant gene loss in the family of diterpene synthases and acyltransferases in A. pendulum, which is in accordance with the significantly fewer type and quantity of aconitine compounds in this species. Therefore, A. pendulum has proved to be an ideal material for the study of the aconitine biosynthesis pathway. This work provides basic scientific data for further study of aconitine biosynthesis, the discussion of molecular mechanisms of toxicity, and the synthesis of genuine medicinal materials.

Regulation Effect and Clinical Efficacy of Addition and Subtraction Therapy of Jinkui Shenqiwan Combined with Buzhong Yiqitang on Immune Inflammatory Factors of Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of addition and subtraction therapy of Jinkui Shenqiwan combined with Buzhong Yiqitang to postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMO） with deficiency of spleen and kidney， and to investigate its regulation effect on immune inflammatory factors. Method:One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group， with 80 cases in each group. Both groups got comprehensive western medicine treatment measures. Patients in control group additionally got Zhuanggu Zhitong capsule， 4 capsules/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observation group additionally got addition and subtraction therapy of Jinkui Shenqiwan combined with Buzhong Yiqitang， 1 dose/day. The treatment was continued for 24 weeks. Before and after treatment， lumbar L2-4 bone mineral density （BMD） was detected by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DXA） and lumbar BMD was detected by quantitative CT （QCT）. Scores of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndromes and Chinese osteoporosis-targeted quality of life questionnaire （COQOL） were graded. Levels of Estradiol （E₂）， type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal pro peptide （PINP）， serum osteocalcin （OC）， osteoprotegerin （OPG）， type Ⅰ collagen cross-linked C-terminal peptide （S-CTX）， tartrate resistant acid phosphatase （TRACP） and urinary pyridinoline （PYD） were detected. Levels of CD4⁺ T cells， CD8⁺ T cells， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， <italic>γ-</italic>interferon（IFN-<italic>γ</italic>） and interleukin-4 （IL-4） were calculated. The proportion of T helper cell （Th）17 and regulatory T cell （Treg） in CD4⁺ T cells was calculated. Besides， the safety was evaluated. Result:Bone density was detected by DXA in observation group， and its T-value and bone density detected by QCT were all higher than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. After treatment， scores of TCM syndrome and COQOL were lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Levels of PINP， OC， S-CTX， TRACP and PYD/Cr were all lower than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Levels of OPG， CD8⁺ and Treg were higher than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， levels of Th17， Th17/Treg， CD4⁺/CD8⁺， IL-17， TNF-<italic>α</italic> and IFN-<italic>γ </italic>were lower （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and levels of IL-4 and E₂ were higher than those in control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group （<italic>Z</italic>=2.103， <italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:On the basis of calcium and vitamin D supplementation， Jinkui Shenqiwan combined with Buzhong Yiqitang can improve levels of E₂ and bone density， reduce clinical symptoms， improve quality of life， regulate bone metabolism index and immune inflammation reaction， with better clinical efficacy and safety.

Progress of mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology andits application of radiation / 中国辐射卫生

Proteomics was first proposed by Marc Wikins, et al in 1995. It refers to the investigation of all the proteins expressed in a set of genomes. With the development of mass spectrometry technology, it more and more extensively apply to the field of radiation. In particular, due to the widespread application of nuclear and radiation technologies has greatly increased, the probability of nuclear and radiation accidents, and the exposure of large-scale populations are increased. Therefore, simple, rapid, and high-throughput measurement of acute radiation exposure is necessary. The application of proteomics technology to study the molecular biological effects of radiation and the discovery of radiation biomarkers provide the possibility for rapid high-through put dose assessment. We reviewed the recent development of proteomics and its application in the field of radiation.

Resveratrol promotes the survival and neuronal differentiation of hypoxia-conditioned neuronal progenitor cells in rats with cerebral ischemia / 医学前沿

Hypoxia conditioning could increase the survival of transplanted neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) in rats with cerebral ischemia but could also hinder neuronal differentiation partly by suppressing mitochondrial metabolism. In this work, the mitochondrial metabolism of hypoxia-conditioned NPCs (hcNPCs) was upregulated via the additional administration of resveratrol, an herbal compound, to resolve the limitation of hypoxia conditioning on neuronal differentiation. Resveratrol was first applied during the in vitro neuronal differentiation of hcNPCs and concurrently promoted the differentiation, synaptogenesis, and functional development of neurons derived from hcNPCs and restored the mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, this herbal compound was used as an adjuvant during hcNPC transplantation in a photothrombotic stroke rat model. Resveratrol promoted neuronal differentiation and increased the long-term survival of transplanted hcNPCs. 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and rotarod test showed that resveratrol and hcNPC transplantation synergistically improved the neurological and metabolic recovery of stroke rats. In conclusion, resveratrol promoted the neuronal differentiation and therapeutic efficiency of hcNPCs in stroke rats via restoring mitochondrial metabolism. This work suggested a novel approach to promote the clinical translation of NPC transplantation therapy.

The optimized cytokinesis-block assay for radiation-induced nucleoplasmic bridge / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility of the optimized cytokinesis-block (CB) assay on radiation-induced nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), and to provide a scientific basis for the application of NPB in biological dose estimation.Methods:Human peripheral blood in vitro was irradiated with 2 Gy 60Co γ-rays at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min (0 Gy control group). According to the culture time after irradiation, blood samples were divided into group 48, 56, 68 and 72 h. Cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B) with a concentration of 6 μg/ml was added into the samples at 28 h and harvested at 48, 56, 68 and 72 h after irradiation, respectively. On the other hand, the blood samples were treated with different concentration of Cyt-B i. e., 0.6, 1, 2, 6 and 10 μg/ml at the beginning of culture (0 h) and harvested at 68 h after irradiation. The proportion of mononucleated, binucleated and multinucleated cells, radiation-induced NPB and micronucleus (MN) frequencies were analyzed. Results:The nuclear division index (NDI) and proportion of binucleated cells at 2 Gy and 0 Gy had tendency of increasing with cell culture time. NPB frequencies (0.023 0-0.033 0/cell) and MN frequencies had no significantly difference ( P> 0.05). With the increase of Cyt-B concentration, NDI and the proportion of binucleated cells in group 2 Gy and 0 Gy also increased, but NPB frequencies (0.023 0-0.047 0/cell) had no significant difference ( P> 0.05). MN frequencies of group 10 μg/ml were significantly lower than that of group 6 μg/ml ( U=2.74, P< 0.01). Conclusions:Cell culture time and Cyt-B concentration had no significant influence on radiation-induced NPB frequencies, suggesting that NPB could be obtained by appropriately reducing cell culture time and Cyt-B could be added into blood samples at the beginning of culture. But this protocol reduced the number of cells for further analysis, and thus its feasibility for dose estimation still need to be studied.